Vertebral compression fractures occur when the bony block or vertebral body in the spine collapses, which can lead to severe pain, deformity, & loss of height. These fractures are most common in the thoracic & lumbar regions of the spine & are often associated with osteoporosis or metastatic tumors^[1][2].

Kyphoplasty is typically performed under local anesthesia. Allowing the patient to remain awake & comfortable. Sedation or general anesthesia is used patient's condition & the surgeon's preference. The procedure involves the following steps:

Small Incision

A small incision is made in the back.

Image Guidance

Using X-ray or fluoroscopy, the surgeon guides a narrow tube into the fractured vertebra.

Balloon Inflation

A special balloon is then inserted through the tube. Gently inflated to create a cavity & restore height to the collapsed vertebra^[1][4][5]. This helps to create space & elevate the collapsed vertebra. Returning the vertebra to its original position

Balloon Deflation & Removal

Once the vertebra is elevated, the balloon is deflated & removed, leaving a cavity.

Bone Cement

The cavity is filled with a bone cement called polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).

Stabilization

This cement hardens quickly, stabilizing the fracture & supporting the vertebral bone. Securing it in its corrected position^[1][4][5].

Recovery

Most patients can go home the same day as the procedure. Some patients have immediate pain relief. Others may experience a reduction in pain within a couple of days^[4][5][6].

Preparation

Patients undergo imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI. To confirm the location & severity of the fracture.

Procedure

A small incision is made in the back. Using fluoroscopy, a type of live X-ray, the surgeon inserts a narrow tube. Guiding the balloon device through the tube into the vertebra.

Balloon Inflation & Cement Injection

The balloon is inflated to lift the fractured bone. Restoring height to the collapsed vertebra. After deflation, bone cement is injected to fill the space & stabilize the bone.

Closure

The instruments are removed. The incision is closed with stitches or adhesive strips.

Kyphoplasty offers several advantages over traditional treatments for vertebral compression fractures:

Pain Relief

The majority of patients report significant pain relief following the procedure. The stabilized vertebra no longer compresses nerves & surrounding tissues. A major study shows significant improvements in back pain & disability^[7].

Improved Mobility

Stabilizing the spine increases mobility. Patients often experience restored mobility after the procedure. Allowing patients to return to their daily activities with more comfort. Shortly after the procedure^[8][9].

Height Restoration

The procedure can restore the lost vertebral height. Reducing kyphotic (hunched) posture. Beneficial for improving posture & decreasing spinal deformity.

Spinal Stabilization

By stabilizing the fracture & restoring vertebral height. Kyphoplasty can prevent further vertebral collapse & correct spinal deformities^[1][5].

Minimally Invasive

Kyphoplasty has small incisions & is typically performed as an outpatient procedure. Resulting in less surgical trauma & quicker recovery times compared to open surgery^[1][5][9].

Low Complication Rate

Kyphoplasty has a lower risk of complications compared to open spine surgery.

Short Recovery Time

Patients often return home on the same day of the procedure. Quickly resuming normal activities.

Kyphoplasty is most effective for patients who have recently suffered vertebral compression fractures. Ideal candidates typically include:

Osteoporosis Patients

Individuals with fractures due to weakened bones caused by osteoporosis.

Cancer Patients

Patients experiencing spinal fractures due to cancer-related bone degradation.

Trauma Patients

Those who have sustained spinal fractures from acute injury.

Recent Fracture

Best results are usually achieved when the fracture is recent.

Persistent Pain

When conservative measures like rest, medication, or bracing haven't helped.

Post-procedure care for kyphoplasty is straightforward. Patients are generally advised to:

Rest

Short periods of rest followed by gradual increases in activity.

Medication

Pain management through prescribed or over-the-counter pain relievers.

Follow-Up

Routine check-ups to monitor the spine’s healing & stability.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy benefits some patients. Strengthening their back muscles & improving spinal flexibility.

Kyphoplasty has a high success rate. With most studies showing around a 90% success rate. Significantly relieving the pain of fractured vertebrae^[3]. Patient satisfaction is also high. Studies indicating ~92% of people who undergo kyphoplasty report better pain relief. After the procedure^[4].

Kyphoplasty is generally considered safe. As with any surgical procedure, there are potential risks & complications, including:

Not for Everyone

Your doctor will assess if your specific fracture type, bone quality, & overall health make you a good candidate.

Potential Risks

Like any procedure, kyphoplasty carries some risks, including cement leakage, infection, or nerve damage^[4][6][10].

Temporary Relief

While often effective, pain relief may diminish over time for some patients.

Open Communication

Discuss your symptoms, health history, & goals with your doctor. To determine if kyphoplasty is appropriate.

Understanding the Procedure

Ask your doctor to explain the procedure in detail. Including potential benefits, risks, & the recovery process.

Kyphoplasty represents a significant advancement in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures. A minimally invasive option for patients suffering from back pain due to spinal fractures. That can:

• provide immediate pain relief
• restore vertebral height
• improve mobility
• improve quality of life

As with any medical procedure. Patients should discuss the potential risks & benefits with their healthcare provider. To determine if kyphoplasty is the right treatment for their specific condition.